The author refers to the study by Wickersheimer and Jacquart in order to A. demonstrate that numerous medical specialties were recognized in Western Europe during the Middle Ages B. demonstrate that women are often underrepresented in studies of medieval medical practitioners C. prove that midwives were officially recognized as members of the medical community during the Middle Ages D. prove that midwives were only a part of a larger community of women medical practitioners during the Middle Ages E. prove that the existence of midwives can be documented in Western Europe as early as the twelfth century